The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.